Chapter 1: Contact, Conflict and Exchange

     I. The First Americans
          A. Migration and settlement
          B. Cultures develop
               1. Central and South American
               2. North American

     II. European Exploration and Expansion
          A. Comparison of European and North American cultures
          B. Trade
          C. Portugal
               1. Beginning of the slave trade
               2. Treaty of Alcacovas
          D. Spain
               1. Columbus
               2. Treaty of Tordesillas
               3. Magellan
          E. England and France
               1. Northwest Passage

     III. Spanish Conquest
          A. Conquistadors
          B. Columbian Exchange
          C. The Spanish in North America
               1. Religion
               2. Government
               3. Mercantilism
               4. Labor

     IV. Northern Europeans
          A. Protestant Reformation
          B. England
               1. King Henry VIII and the Church of England
               2. Queen Elizabeth I and the Spanish Armada
          C. French Huguenots

Chapter 1 Key Terms

     land bridge
     maize (Indian corn)
     Mayans
     Aztecs
     Eastern Woodland Tribes (Algonquin and Iroquois)
     girdling
     shaman
     matrilineal society
     Prince Henry the Navigator
     Hernan Cortes
     smallpox
     syncretism
     viceroy
     "royal fifth"
     Martin Luther
     indulgences
     John Calvin
     Act of Supremacy (1534)
     sea dogs
     Sir Walter Raleigh and Roanoke 

Study Questions

1. Discuss the characteristics of the Eastern Woodlands Indians that formed the basis of the misunderstanding, disrespect and fighting
that continued until the Native Americans were totally subjugated in the late 19th Century.

2. Describe the main elements of the "Columbian Exchange".

3. Trace the development of the Atlantic slave trade.

4. Discuss the significance of the Protestant Reformation to the settlement of North America by Western Europeans.